how much do you know about Qadir?
جغرافیای غدیر خم
Ghadir Khumm Location
Ghadir Khumm is the name of the area between Mecca and Medina located on the route of pilgrims and has been known with this name because of the pond in the area where rain water has been collected. Ghadir is located 3-4 km away from Juhfah located 64 kilometers away from Mecca, which is one of the fifth miqats. In Juhfah, the way of the people of Egypt, Medina, Iraq and the Levant are separated. Ghadir Khumm was a place for caravans to stop and rest due to the presence of water and several old trees; but the heat was unbearable.
منطق استوار غدیر
Ghadir ‘s solid logic
Hazrat Zahra, peace be upon her, said: After Ghadir “no excuse is left;” Because with the remembrance of Ghadir Khumm, no escape route had been left.
If they say we do not know or are not informed, it is a blatant lie. Because of the great incident that took place among thousands of the pilgrims who had gathered in Ghadir from all over the Islamic world and quoted its news heart to heart everywhere and conveyed it to everyone, leaving no room for denial for anyone.
If they doubt the narrators’ news, they resort to a more obvious hypocrisy because all the emigrants, Ansar, companions and followers of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) were present in that great event, and quoted the message of Ghadir from the first century to the present so that it was included in the poets of Howe’s poetry book.
If they make an excuse that allegiance was not public, they should be more disgraced, because in the past and the future, the only allegiance that was public, and in which the entire Muslim of every race and tribe participated, was the allegiance of Ghadir Day, which had been realized so socially superior to all of the world’s rulers.
And if they do not accept, they have confessed their disbelief, because Ghadir Khumm on the divine command, and the revelation of God’s messenger, and in the presence of the Prophet of Islam and his speech and the completion of his argument with Muslims throughout the Islamic world. So how can one hold a candle in the sun of Ghadir and deny the sun?
راویان غدیر خم
Ghadir Khumm Narrators
Muslims from all over the Islamic world, from near and far, were present at the farewell pilgrimage with the Holy Prophet of Islam and in Ghadir Khumm, and heard and saw that by the command of God, the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, introduced the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib as the Imamate of the Muslims, and took allegiance from all those present. This eternal truth was recorded in the hearts and history of the Muslims, among which the testimony of 146 companions of the Holy Prophet of Islam has been recorded in historical books. Umm Salma and Aisha bint Abi Bakr ( wives of the Messenger of God ), Abu Hurayrah of the sixth century – Dosi, Jabir ibn Abdullah Ansari, Sa’d ibn Abi Waqas, Salman Farsi and many famous names are among the narrators of Ghadir Khumm. The chart of the narrators of hadith of Ghadir shows a hadith that has been narrated person to person during fourteen centuries.
برخی از ویژگی های غدیر خم
Some features of Ghadir Khumm
غدیر در قرآن
Ghadir in Quran
Various sources refer to various verses and narrations about Ghadir, and here are three verses from the Holy Quran that were revealed on the day of Ghadir.
Surah Al-Maidah verse 67
” O Prophet, convey to the people what has been revealed to you from God, and if you do not do this, you have not preached the message of God, and God will protect you from the people.”
There are a number of hadiths confirming that this verse was revealed on the day of Ghadir in Ghadir land about the succession of Hazrat Amir. Read some of these sources in the section on Sunni testimony in this collection.
Surah Al-Ma’arij verses 1-3
A challenger1 has demanded a punishment bound to come, or the disbelievers—to be averted by none, from Allah, Lord of pathways of ˹heavenly˺ ascent,
One asked about the torment that is inflicted on the disbelievers for which there is no deterrent. He has degrees from God.
Allameh Amini has mentioned the revelation of this verse in his book titled Al-Ghadir, vol. 1, pp. 139-139, after the Prophet announced the will of Hazrat Amir in Ghadir. A person named Jabir ibn Nazr ( and some have written Harith ibn Nu’man ) came to the Prophet and said to him: indeed, you commanded us to testify to the oneness of God and your mission, and we accepted from you, and you commanded us to pray five times a day and night, to fast Ramadan, and to visit the house of God, and to purify our property by giving zakat and we agreed to. But you didn’t stop there so that you took your cousins arm and lifted them and gave him priority over people and said whoever I have been the Walyii Ali is the Walyii, ” Is this a command on behalf of yourself or From God ??? ! The Messenger of God, while his eyes were red, said :I swear by God that there is no god but Him, this was from God. At this time, the person stood up while saying: God, if what Muhammad says is true, then send us a stone from the sky or send us a painful torment. This person had not yet reached near his camel when a stone fell from the sky and hit his head and sank and came out of his mouth and perished. Then this verse was revealed.
Surah Al-Ma’idah verse 3
Today I have perfected your faith for you, completed my favor upon you, and chosen Islam as your way.
According to the traditions and history, this verse has been revealed after the notification of the Prophet and his administration to the people and determination of the caliphate of Imam Ali. And the perfection of religion is the same as Ali’s Imamate.
عید آسمانی
Heavenly Eid
In the land of ” Juhfah” in “Ghadir Khumm “, Prophet chose Ali as the Imamate of the Muslims and all thousands of pilgrims returned from Hajj, pledged allegiance to Ali, and all the companions of the Messenger of God, even the three who usurped the caliphate after the death of the Prophet, pledged allegiance with Ali and congratulated him. All those present narrated this event, wrote in books, memorized the hadith of Ghadir, passed it on to the people, and well known Arab poets composed a lot of poems at that time. That day, what was going on in Muhammad’s mind was the connection of the earthly paths to the sky, and this time, he guided the travelers to a path to the sky. The people put the camels’ saddles on top of each other and Muhammad, with Ali’s hands, tied the sky to the earth forever and this way taught how to reach the creator, how to reach the lap of Ali and his family and consider this day as Eid; ” Heavenly Eid ” because Imam Al-Rida said : My father quoted his father( Imam Sadegh ) who said : Ghadir day is more famous in heaven than on earth.
514 people from the first century until now are the narrators of Ghadir hadith.
180 km distance from Mecca to Juhfah with the current road where Ghadir is located.
10 AH is the year in which the farewell pilgrimage, the last Hajj of the Prophet, took place.
146 of the companions of the Prophet whose testimony of Ghadir Khumm has been recorded in historical books.
33 Ali was 33 years old when he was elected to replace the Messenger of God on the Day of Ghadir.
18 Dhu al-Hijjah is Eid al-Ghadir Day.
63 was the age of the Prophet when Ghadir happened
آداب غدیر
Ghadir rites
For the night and day of Eid Ghadir, countless rituals, deeds and virtues have been stated, some of which we will talk about.
Prayers in the night and day of Ghadir as well as prayers in Ghadir Mosque are ordered, the quality of which is mentioned in prayer books such as Mafatih al-Jannan.
Fasting on the day of Ghadir has an exceptional virtue. Ali said: If a pious person is sincere in this day fasting, none of the universe fasting will be equal to it.
Shiite scholars agree on the recommendation of bathing on the day of Ghadir and consider it strongly recommended. It is better to do bathing at the beginning of the day.
Imam Al-Rida said :Wherever you are, be present at the grave of Amir al-Mu’minin on the day of Ghadir ! Indeed, God forgives the sixty years sin of a believer on this day. It is true that God forgives the torment of Hell on this day twice as much as He forgives in the month of Ramadan and on the nights of Ghadir and the night of Eid al-Fitr.
Imam Al-Rida said :Whoever goes to visit a believer on the day of Ghadir, God will send seventy lights on his grave and widen his grave; Seventy thousand angels visit his grave every day and give him the good news of paradise.
The lovers of the Imamate family adorn themselves and wear new clothes. Imam Sadegh also instructed in his teachings on the day of Ghadir, it is necessary for a believer to wear his cleanest and most luxurious clothes.
Imam Ali said about giving alms on this day :The virtue of one dirham given on the day of Ghadir is equal to the virtue of giving two hundred thousand dirhams.
Brotherhood is considered as one of the rituals of Ghadir day. Believers, following the covenant of brotherhood of the Holy Prophet and Imam Ali, enter into a covenant of brotherhood with each other on this day by concluding a brotherhood agreement. How to enter into brotherhood is stated in Mafatih al-Jannan book.
Feed in Arabic means to give food. Imam Al-Rida said in this regard: The one who feeds a believer in Ghadir is like the one who has fed all the prophets, the faithful and God’s beloved creatures.
شاهدان غدیر
Witnesses of Ghadir
A large community of tribes and different levels of Islamic society are the eyewitnesses of the Ghadir incident. Real allegiance to shook hands with a heartfelt belief. Hypocrite allegiance breakers who seemingly accept allegiance broke their allegiance and followed a hidden policy.
Ammar Yasir :Ammar ibn Yasir ibn Amer ibn Malik, nicknamed Abu al-Yaqzan, became one of Muhammad’s companions and later a supporter of Ali.
Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas: he was from the tribe of “Bani Zohre Ben Club “. His nickname is “Abu Ishaq” but he is sometimes also known as “Saad bin Malik “.
Mu’awiyah, son of Abi Sufyan :He was born in Mecca three years before the Be’sat. His father, Abi Sufyan, was one of Freeman’s most prominent figures. Mu’awiyah with his father fought against Muhammad in the battles of Badr, Khandagh and several other battles. After the death of the third caliph, he claimed the caliphate and went to war with Ali.
Meysam Tammar :First, he was the slave of a woman from ” Bani Assad ” tribe. Ali bought him from that woman and set him free. After that, he became one of Ali’s companions and students. He is also one of the companions of the Prophet of Islam.
Abu Hurayrah :After the conquest of Kheybar, he came to Yathrib and converted to Islam. Abu Hurayrah forged many hadiths and attributed them to the Prophet. Sheikh Saduq narrates a narration that three people attributed many lies to the Prophet, one of whom was Abu Hurayrah.
Hazifat Ben Yeman :Hazifat Ben Yeman Makty is one of the companions of the Prophet and Imam Ali. Biographers honor him greatly. He became the ruler of Madain during Omar caliphate. When Imam Ali came to the caliphate, he retained him as the governor of Madain.
Abu Ubaidah Jarrah :He was of those who attended Saqifa bani saedah after the death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr insisted that he accept the caliphate but he refused and knew Abu Bakr superior to the caliphate. Abu Ubaydah was one of the first to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr.
Amr al-As: Amr al-As converted to Islam just before the conquest of Mecca, when the superiority of the Prophet was revealed to him. At the time of the confrontation of Ali and Mu’awiyah, he joined Levant army.
Talha :He is one of the companions of the Messenger of God. After the death of the Prophet, he supported Abu Bakr. After Uthman’s death, he pledged allegiance to Ali, but then he broke his allegiance and fought and was killed in the battle of Jaml.
Abuzar Ghaffari :he was of the first people who joined Islam and his humility and simplicity is famous. Abuzar, who was a lover of Ali, lived in the Levant during the time of the three caliphs until he was summoned to Medina by Uthman due to his great criticism of the oppression of Mu’awiyah. He was sent to ” Ryzh ” desert where he died in exile 31 of 33 AH.
Salman Farsi :Before becoming a Muslim, he was known as Roozbeh. He was one of the famous Iranian companions whom Muhammad called his family. Salman Farsi was a wise person who knew the knowledge of Iranians and Christians. He was one of Muhammad’s advisers, including the main designer of digging moat in Khandagh battle. Salman is one of the followers of Ali and the family of the Prophet.
Meqdad ibn Aswad :He emigrated with the Prophet from Mecca to Medina and fought in the battles of the Islamic Army. With the death of Muhammad, Meghdad the son of Aswad, following Ali ibn Abi Talib, refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr, but after Ali was forced to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr, he also pledged allegiance.
بیعت آسمانی
Heavenly allegiance
بیعت زبانی
Linguistic allegiance
At the end of his sermon, the Prophet said : “God has commanded me to take allegiance from your tongues before your hands allegiance.” Then he determined what all the people had to admit, which summed up the obedience of the twelve Imams and the covenant of not changing and transmitting and conveying the message of Ghadir to future generations and those absent in Ghadir. Allegiance was also considered with the hands because the Prophet said : “Say, we pledge allegiance with our souls, tongues and hands.
بیعت عمومی
Public allegiance
After the sermon of the Prophet, two tents were set up one for his own and another one for Ali. People entered the tent of the Prophet in groups and after allegiance and congratulations, they went to the tent of the Commander of the Faithful and pledged allegiance to him and congratulated him. The women also swore allegiance by placing a container of water with a curtain in the middle. In this way, the Commanders of the Faithful ) Imam Ali) placed his hand in water on one side of the curtain and women put their hands in the water on the other side.
برخی از ویژگی های امام علی برای جانشینی پیامبر اسلام
Some privileges of Ali in the succession of the Prophet of Islam
The Holy Prophet of Islam, before Ghadir Khumm, which is the official announcement of Ali’s caliphate, repeatedly referred to the issue of his Imamate and guardianship, and we will mention some of them.
When Prophet invited his relatives to Islam he introduced Ali as his minister, and successor.
Every day before Morning Prayer, Prophet were going to Ali and Zahra house, greeting them and saying “God determined to clean you from any impurities, you are my family and whoever is your enemy is my enemy as well.”
Ali gave his ring in alms while he was in the state of rukūʿ in prayer and because of that was described believers’ Waliyy.
The prophet repeatedly said: Just Ali and his Shiites are saved on the Day of Judgment.
Jews didn’t accept the decisive reasons’ of the Prophet” prophethood. It was decided to do mutual curse. The Prophet Called Ali as his soul in the incident.
The Prophet ordered the entire Muslim people to greet Imam Ali with his true epithet, one by one, in Ghadir.
The Prophet said: I will leave two weighty things with you, the Qur’an and Ahl al-Bayt. They will not be separated until they come to me over the Kosar pond. Do not leave my Ahl al-bayt alone unless you will perish.
In the Battle of the Khandagh (moat), no one was able to defeat pagan Amr ibn Abduved, who boasted against the Muslims. The Prophet said”َ: All disbelief is standing in front of all belief. ” After the victory of Ali, the Prophet said “: One blow of Ali ‘s sword on the day / and moat, is much better than the worship of jinn and mankind ( or : My whole nation until the Day of Judgment) “.
In their absence, the Prophet appointed Ali as his successor in Medina and said :His relation to me is like the relation of Aaron to Moses, except that there will be no prophet after me.
شهادت منابع سنی برای آیه غدیر
The testimony of Sunni sources to Ghadir verse
Mohammad Taqi Mozaffari writes in his book titled ” Ghadir in Qur’an ” that all Shiite commentators believe that verse 97 of Surah Ma’idah has been revealed about the designation of Ali and about 390 Sunni scholars have accepted it. The names of some Sunni commentators and sources are as follows:
۲۳. Helyato Al- aulia part 4 p. 23
خطابه غدیر
Sermon of Ghadir
Prophet went up on the camels’ saddles, and after praising the Lord, with rational and expressive, eloquent and fluent, clear, unambiguous, explicit words, and in the language perceivable for all the people present at the stage delivered a sermon fearless and without a doubt. After that expressive sermon and eternal and audible expression, no one had any doubt in the way of guidance, and the rightful Imam. Here are some important parts of the Prophet’s sermon.
اعلان نزول فرشته وحی برای اعلام امامت
Announcement of the descent of the revelation messenger for introducing the imamate
Gabriel, bearing His Command, came down to me thrice from ‘Peace’, the Creator – for only He is [the source of] Peace – he brought it to me that to stand amid this vast mass and deliver God’s Command. Now, I announce you the colored or white that: Ali, the son of Talib, is [as] a brother to me, and he is my executor, and successor to lead my people as an Imam after me! His relation to me is as Aaron to Moses is, except for no other messengers will follow me. After God and His Messenger, Ali is going to be your Conserver, and God has sent down a Verse saying: ‘Verily, your Guardian is Only God, His Messenger and the believers who pray and pay alms while are bowing down.’
علل صبر پیامبر
Causes of the Prophet’s patience and waiting
Then he points to the reasons why he waited until now and did not take public allegiance for Ali: “And I asked Gabriel to beseech Almighty God so that He may discharge me from this duty of mine, because I well knew the scarcity of the virtuous, but the excess of the deceivers; and the vices of the blamers, as well who scald, and the deceit of those who insult Islam – those whom God has defined in His Book that: ‘They say what does not exist in their hearts, and they take it of very little importance, while it is of the utmost importance to God,’
اعلام ولایت عمومی و جهانی امام علی ع
Announcement of the public and universal Wilayah (guardianship) of Imam Ali
“O People! Know that this Verse is about him: so perceive it thoroughly and know that God has picked him as your Defender, and appointed him as your ‘Leader’. His obedience is bound to the Immigrants, the Allies, and those who obey them in fairness; so is for the villagers and the citizens, the non-Arabs as well the Arab clans, and for the freemen and the servants; for all – young, old, black and white, and for every Monotheist whosoever!
You are bound to achieve his decision and word, and to obey his instruction! Whosoever opposes him is damned; and whosoever obeys him and regards, receives the Grace of God. God delivers and forgives whosoever gives ear and obeys him!
O people! It is my final rising in such a [huge] gathering. Thus, listen, and then obey well [the Words of] God! And submit yourselves to His Command! For God Almighty is your Master and your Lord; and after God, your Master is the Messenger of God, the Prophet, who is at present calling out to you. And after me, according to the Divine Command, Ali is your Master, and your Leader, [Imam]. Then after him, the Leadership will be preserved, and perpetuated in my progeny, by his lineage, until the Day of Judgment when you come to encounter your God and His Messenger.
یادآوری ویژگی ها و شخصیت امام علی
Reminding Ali’s qualifications and characteristics
The Prophet reminded the qualifications and characteristics of Imam Ali one by one in that short time after declaring his Wilayah.
“O people! Prefer [the superiority of] Ali to others, for there is no knowledge that God has offered me, and then, I have offered it to Ali, the Leader of the believers – all knowledge of mine has been transferred to him.
O people! Never forget him, and do not deviate from his Leadership, and do not violate his guardianship. He is one, who guides you to path of Truth, and he himself does all what he discloses; he ruins lies, deceits, and he bars artifice. Never can the reproaches of who blame [annoy and bother, or] cease him in his way!
He is the first man to believe in God, and to His right Messenger who believed was Ali; no one has ever beaten him ‘In His Doctrine’!
It was he who put his soul in danger for the sake of Messenger, and he adored him. It was he who was always next to the Messenger of Almighty God, and prayed God along with Him – it was no one but Ali.
“Ali is the first man to establish prayer with me. I informed him of God’s Command that to lie on my bed, [on the Night of Immigration], so did he accepted to sacrifice his soul for me.
تکمیل دین با ولایت امام علی ع
Completing the religion with Ali’s Wilayah
After announcing the Wilayah, and reminding the values of Imam Ali, he pointed to another important point that was also hidden in the divine message, and that is the completion of the religion with the Wilayah of Ali that is Islam would not be complete without Imams’ Wilayah and the Muslim community without the leadership of innocent Imam will not come to growth and prosperity. Indeed, dear and great God, completed our religion by declaring the guardianship of Ali, now if someone rejects the Imamate of Ali and his other successor Imams, who are the children of Ali, until the Day of Judgment, after offering deeds to God, he will be one of those who All his works will be annihilated, and he will be in the fire forever, his torment will never be reduced, and he will not be given respite.
افشای چهره واقعی دشمنان امام علی ع
Revealing the true face of Ali’s enemies
As God’s verdict was proclaimed in the Wilayah of the Prophet’s family and the characteristics of the righteous Imam were revealed to everyone, the true face of the enemies of Islam and the Imamate who were hypocritically waiting for an opportunity in the guise of religion revealed. So that friends know their Wilayah and know how to deal with them.
Know that Gabriel brought me this news of God, [saying]: “One who rises against Ali, and does not accept his Leadership, then, let My wrath, and My course fall upon that type. It is just for a man to see what [good or bad] he has forwarded for his tomorrow – Next Day. Thus, fear God, for by opposing Ali, lest your foot may slip after it is planted and found root! For indeed God is Aware of everything you do!
Know that no one becomes Ali’s enemy, but who is cruel, and no one accepts his Leadership but one who is prospers and pious, and no one, but a virtuous believes him.
هشدار به قدرت طلبان فرصت طلب
Warning power seekers waiting for the opportunity
Then he pointed to the danger of intellectual reaction and return to ignorance and warned that the hypocrites who want power should not usurp the Imamate by deception and deceive the people.
O people! Soon after me, there will come to you some leaders, who will call you enter the Fire, then, on that Day of Judgment, there is no assistant to rise for their aid!
O people! Know that both God and I detest such crowd.
O people! These men along with their disciples, and their companions and their followers, will be thrown in the lowest part of the Fire; see how horrible is the place of such proud!
Then he said” :but soon after I am gone, there will be some who shall unfairly take the Leadership by force, then replace it with Monarchy. May God damn the usurpers and those who take [the trusteeships] by force.”
مسئولیت عمومی تبلیغ
Public responsibility for advertising
The Prophet pointed to the public responsibility of Muslims in propagating the divine command to continue Ali’s rule until the Day of Judgment: The duty of all Muslims is to convey the epic of Ghadir. I will leave Ali among you as the Imam of the Muslims, he and his children will inherit me until resurrection day. Indeed, I have conveyed to you the divine command that I have been commissioned to convey, a clear proof for every present and absent. To those who are with us today and those who are not in this crowd. Those born of mother now or will be born in the future. Therefore, it is obligatory on those present at the scene of Ghadir to convey the divine command to others who are not present, and it is obligatory on the fathers to introduce the epic of Ghadir to their children until the Day of Judgment.
دعا و درخواست از خدا
Praying and asking God
Then he stretched out their hands to the Lord of the worlds and prayed while announcing the end of Ali’s oppositions. O God, love Ali’s friends, and hate Ali ‘s enemies, and curse the one who denies the guardianship of Ali, and be angry with the one who usurps the right of Ali. O Lord !You revealed to me the command that the Imamate belongs to Ali after me, and I expressed it to the people. You commanded that by choosing Ali as the Imamate of the Islamic society, the religion of your servants is completed and your blessing on the Muslims is perfected. You have chosen perfect Islam for Muslims, and you have reminded in the Qur’an that “whoever chooses a religion other than Islam will not be accepted and he is one of the losers.”
دستور بیعت عمومی
Public allegiance order
After the Sermon, I call on you to pledge allegiance to Ali, to pledge allegiance to him, and to confess his Imamate, and to pledge allegiance to the Imams after him. Be aware that I pledged allegiance to God and Ali pledged allegiance to me and I, on behalf of your great God, call people to pledge allegiance to Ali, so whoever breaks the covenant has acted against himself. I am commissioned by God to take your allegiance to Ali, then confess to what was revealed from God Almighty in the matter of Ali’s guardianship, and consider him the Commander of the Faithful, and accept the Imamate of the Imams after Ali, who are from my family and from the descendants of Ali, whose last and foremost successor is Hazrat Mahdi judging right until resurrection.
